Cancer Treatment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cancer Treatment - Essay Example Sometimes this can be accomplished by surgery, but the tendency of cancers to invade adjacent tissue or to spread to distant sites by microscopic metastasis often limits its effectiveness. The success of chemotherapy is often limited by toxicity to other tissues in the body. Radiation can also cause damage to normal tissue. Identifying causes of cancer and developing strategies for prevention, diagnosis, treatments and cure of it ,form the major objectives of cancer research. Cancer research ranges from epidemiology, molecular bioscience (bench research) to the performance of clinical trials to guage and correlate applications of the various cancer treatment. These applications include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy and hormone therapy, and combined treatment modalities such as chemo-radiotherapy. The attention in clinical cancer research has shifted towards therapies derived from biotechnology research, such as immunotherapy and gene therapy, since the 1990s. The effectiveness of the various different cures and treatments for cancer can be analysed individually. According to the American Cancer Society, surgery is the oldest form of cancer treatment. It also has an important role in diagnosing and finding the extent of cancer. Advances in surgical techniques have allowed surgeons to successfully operate on a growing number of patients. Today, less invasive operations often can be done to remove tumors while saving as much normal tissue and function as possible.Surgery offers the greatest chance for cure for many types of cancer, especially those that have not spread to other parts of the body. Most people with cancer will have some type of surgery. While different types of surgeries are performed in relation to cancer, it is curative surgery that is done to treat cancer primarily. Curative surgery is done when a tumor appears to be confined to one area and it is likely that all of the tumor can be removed. It may be used alone or along w ith chemotherapy or radiation therapy, which can be given before or after the operation. Sometimes radiation therapy is actually used during an operation. This is called intraoperative radiation therapy. The medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control cancer cells is called radiotherapy . Radiotherapy may be used for curative or adjuvant cancer treatment.Chemotherapy refers to the use of antineoplastic drugs to treat cancer. Tumors with high growth fractions (such as acute myelogenous leukemia and the aggressive lymphomas, including Hodgkin's disease) are more sensitive to chemotherapy as chemotherapy affects cell-division and also as a larger proportion of the targeted cells are undergoing cell division at any time. Malignancies with slower growth rates, such as indolent lymphomas do not respond as well to chemotherapy. According to Wikipedia,hormonal therapy is one of the major modalities of medical treatment for cancer. Hormonal therapy involves the engineering of the endocrine system

Home Furnishings bedding Essay Example for Free

Home Furnishings bedding Essay Home furnishing has many areas that furnish bedrooms with frames, comforters, sheets and dressers and much more. A home furnishing is a way to personalize the house whether it’s with the help of professionals or simple your own ideas. The company Polo Ralph Lauren founded in 1967 and their main headquarter is currently in New York. Ralph Lauren was the one who founded the company which he is the CEO, Chairman, and chief designer for the company. The company also sells products for men, women, and children, accessories, fragrances, and home furnishings. It operates in Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Ralph Lauren first launch his home collection in 1985 including bedding, including bedding, towels, area rugs and much more. Home furnishings include bedding and with the bedding department it has mattress size, pillows, sheets and blanket, and quilts. The mattress size is important because it depend the size of the sleeper and the dimensions of the bedroom. The smallest size of the bedding dimensions is the twin size which has a dimension of 39 by 76 inches. The next size is the full size mattresses measure 54 by 75 inches and â€Å"queens add an extra 6 inches to the full-size width and 5 inches to the length. Standard king mattresses have ample room with a 78 inch width and 80 inches in length. †(ProQuest) The pillows come in different size to match the bed and all the pillows are 20 inches in width and in length it varieties. Pillow cases and sheets are sold in pairs or separately. They are sold separately because it allows the customers to pick their own design, how they want their sleeping environment to look like. They sell separately because something consumers does not like the designs so they rather buy the design that they are comfortable. The construction of pillowcases, sheets and shams varieties and the most popular fabric use in this is woven. The next fabric is â€Å"Cotton and cotton/poly dominates the market. Cotton gives absorbency while polyester gives durability and wrinkle resistance. Most sheets are made with spun yarns. †(Hoovers) Muslin and percale sheets are the most common. Muslin sheets are made from carded yarns while Percale is made out from combed yarns. Other type of fabrics is sateen, satin, flannel, or knitted jersey or tricot. It’s important to pay attention the caring part because there are some sheets, pillowcases that can easily get damaged. The white sheets should be machine was only and dry according to manufacturer’s instructions. Do not combine dark colors with beach and only apply beach on white sheets. It’s good to rotated and avoid using the same set also using a mattress pad or covers to protect the sheets will extend the life of the bottom sheets. â€Å"Ralph Lauren has grown from being a mono-brand US centric menswear wholesaler to designer manufacturer and wholesaler of global luxury lifestyle brands for men, women and children. † (Business source Swot analysis). Ralph Lauren has many products that can offer to their customers because it’s a growing industry. Some of the brands and names of Ralph Lauren include Polo by Ralph, Lauren, Purple Label, Club Monaco, Rugby, Ralph Lauren Womens Collection, Black Label, Blue Label and Lauren by Ralph Lauren, among others. The successes of the brands are due to the official outfitter of the 2008 US Olympic and Paralympics teams by the United States Olympic Committee in 2008. It has sign a five year contract with RA to outfit all the members staffing and all the officials in the Open Championship up to 2016. Ralph Lauren distributes their products through and foreign and domestic network. It has a successful global distribution network which allows â€Å"its merchandises to be sold in a total of nearly 9,000 retailers worldwide, ranging from high-end department stores such as Neiman Marcus to discount retailers such as TJ Maxx. † (Business source). Ralph Lauren is divided into three segments the first one is wholesales, the second one is retail, and the third one is licensing. Licensing is very important because any product whether in-house produced or licensed, have to be designed by Mr.  Lauren and his design staff. All of his home furnishings products are produce by his licensing partners who has the right to sell them whether it’s internationally or domestic. It has multiple channels where they distribute their products. Ralph Lauren has 201 factory stores worldwide and 178 full-price retail stores. It also has â€Å"474 concessions-based shop-within-shops, and six e -commerce websites. The full-price retail stores range in the size of approximately 800 to 38,000 square feet and are situated in major upscale street locations and upscale regional malls in large urban markets. (Business Source). Most of these factory stores are located in outlet malls. Some of the factories have a length of 2500 to 20,000 feet in the Americans 1,400 to 19,700 square feet in Europe and from 2,800 to 11,800 square feet in Asia. It also operates a concessions-based shop-within-shops that has around 209 retail locations dedicated to Ralph Lauren-branded products. Most of the shops-within shops are located in Asia and the size of this concessions-base is approximately 180 to 4,300 square feet. The company has a successful globe distribution that allows merchandise to be in 9,000 retails worldwide. Home furnishings by Ralph Lauren afford their customers a feature that has a â€Å"contemporary, creative style and also employs ticking-striped patterns, industrial accents and flea-market-inspired finds to create an unexpected rustic look. † (Ralph Lauren). The company wants their customers to be happy with their product and that’s way they offer the best quality with the best material so that their customers can come back to the company and purchase more. Polo Ralph Lauren’s status as a premier lifestyle brand supports higher product margins, product extensions, and consumer loyalty. The company long-term annually grow is 20% to 30 % on their distribution. This company has a price range to be higher because Ralph Lauren is one of the premier consumer lifestyle brands with considerable brand equity. The company has strong brand equity because it has â€Å"capitalized on its strong fashion design and effective marketing to build a premier lifestyle brand with global revenue exceeding an estimated $5 billion, including licensees. (Business Source). It also states that the company is one of the few† brands capable of developing a portfolio of products and brands ranging from the moderately priced Chaps by Ralph Lauren to the luxury priced Purple and Black Labels. † (Business Source). The company has many ways to merchandises their products which include websites, outlet malls, factories and much more. In addition to these, the company sells its products through three websites in the US, including ralphLauren. com, rugby. com and clubmonaco. com, the company has more websites in the European part. Only the Unites States the company has acquire new customers about 600,000 customers. Only selling from website in helps the company to reach wider customers and faster than any other companies. Not only do they sell their merchandise over the internet they sell it through catalogs, retail stores for example Macys and high ended department store. Not any department store can sell Ralph Lauren products because they must have a license with the company itself. The company chose high end department stores because they know their customers and also because they have loyal customers who love to shop in this high-end department stores. Also because the brand of the product will distinguish how the material is made and how good of a quality it is. There are many rules and regulations when it comes to â€Å"all products categorized as linens must be labeled in accordance with the laws that relate to the consumption of textile products. The Textile Fiber Products Act (TFPIA) requires that generic fiber names and fiber content be listed on the label and flammability standards for mattress†. (Hoovers). The company’s name is build around the highest ethical and legal standards.  Ralph Lauren is guided by the â€Å"California Transparent Act which states that all of its suppliers to prohibit the hiring of slave labor and prevent practices that could contribute to human trafficking. 1. verify product supply chains using third party auditors to ensure that our product supply chains are compliant with our Operating Guidelines and all applicable laws and regulations prohibiting slave labor and human trafficking; 2. conduct independent audits of our suppliers to evaluate their compliance with our Operating Guidelines and all applicable laws and regulations prohibiting slave labor and human trafficking; 3. equire certification by our suppliers that materials incorporated into our products comply with our Operating Guidelines and all applicable laws and regulations prohibiting slave labor and human trafficking in countries where our suppliers are doing business; 4. maintain internal accountability standards and procedures for employees and contractors failing to meet our Operating Guidelines prohibiting slave labor and human trafficking; 5. provide training for our supply chain executives and employees on the prevention of human trafficking and slave labor. †(RalphLauren. om) The company is always doing things to change the product and to promote new products to their loyal customers. Ralph Lauren will launch new lines and maintain brand strength. The company views the internet as the number one source of future growth that will increase very fast. They are advertising and marketing in a unique form associate with distinct design, luxury and quality. Retail stores are still very important because it’s the foundation and the growth of the company and it has given the â€Å"confidence to apply its expertise to wholesale business, including erchandise mix, visual presentation and excellent customer service. † (Valuation Reports). Ralph Lauren wants to expand to new products with new categories in different parts of the world. In conclusion the company has many things to offer to their loyal customers and expanding everything to new places and expanding new product will definitely have new customers. It’s important for the company to keep the good quality and good merchandise because it’s a way to stay in business for much longer.

Personal Narrative- Most Memorable Christmas :: Personal Narrative

Personal Narrative- Most Memorable Christmas Ever since I could remember, I have spent Christmas at my grandmother’s house, a house which is full of comfort, warmth, and happiness. At Christmas, I have always been able to escape the cold and dark real world allowing myself to truly enjoy just several moments in time. These moments have left impressionable memories from my childhood making Christmas a holiday that is special to me and my family. It is a time for my family to get together, share stories, laugh, and even cry. My most memorable Christmas is one from my past. I was about six years old. I clearly remember sitting in class on the last day of school before Christmas vacation anticipating the bell to ring and signify that the classes were finally over. As the bell rang, I ran out of that class, and once I got home I was ready in an instant to leave for my grandmother’s where I would spend my holidays. It was a two hour drive to my grandmother’s house. I was very impatient throughout the entire drive. I couldn’t wait to see my grandma, my cousin, and my aunts. To make things better, however, snow started to fall filling me with hopes of a snowball fight the next day. Finally, we arrived at our destination. I left the car leaving my parents and little brother behind and ran up the steps to my grandma’s house. I just had to be the first one to knock on her door, so I did. She opened the door for me, and I went inside parting with the bitter cold and darkness surrounding me. Inside the house I was immediately encircled with the aromas of her Christmas cooking and baking. A real fresh Christmas tree which was already beautifully adorned with old family ornaments perforated the air with more holiday aromas. I went into the kitchen with my mom, and together we helped my grandma finish preparing the Christmas Eve dinner. Soon, we all sat around the dinner table enjoying my grandma’s culinary specialties. There was one dish that had stuck in my mind though, possibly because it was the last dish served that night.

Foreign Direct Investment Essay

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key component of the global capital flow that entails world economic growth through investment opportunities. As an investment tool FDI also affect the aggregated growth of the host country. FDI as a share of GDP has become the largest source of capital moving from developed nations to developing ones. FDI inflow usually involves starting new production facilities namely Greenfield investments or purchase of existing business through mergers and acquisitions. In developing nations, equity investments as a percentage of gross national income have been growing in recent years. In spite of FDI’s potential to impact on know-how, output and investment, development economists have unexpectedly not interested in finding a strong causal link to economic growth. However, some studies have identified a positive impact, but only if the country has human capital and infrastructural support. Literature Review The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of a country’s aggregated economic output. It is the final market value of all goods and services finally produced within the territory of a country in a particular year. GDP can be estimated in different ways and in different measurements which would give results with different implication. According to Sullivan and Steven (2003) GDP can be measured in three ways such as the product (or output) approach, the income approach, and the expenditure approach. The expenditure approach measures that all of the product must be bought by somebody and thus the value of the total product must be equal to total expenditures for purchase. Product approach aggregates the outputs of every business to get the total. The income approach measures the sum of all producers’ incomes based on the principal that the incomes of the productive factors must be equal to the value of their product. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the long term capital investment by a country into another country. It usually involves participation in a business entity by means of management, joint-venture, technological know-how and expertise. There are three types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow. Whereas, foreign direct investment stock or FDI Stock is the cumulative number for a given period. FDI and Economic Growth Agrawal (2000) examined the impact of FDI inflows on GDP and found negative impact prior to 1980, mildly positive for early eighties and strongly positive over the late eighties and early nineties. This supported the view that FDI is more likely to be beneficial in more open economies. His study was based on both time-series and cross- section analysis of data from five South Asian countries i.e. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Athukorala (2003) argued that there is no such extreme link between FDI and economic growth in Sri Lanka. However, the study did not imply that FDI is insignificant; rather, the study concluded that the direction of causal relation was not towards from FDI to GDP growth but GDP growth to FDI. Lan (2006) stated that FDI and economic growth are important determinants of each other in Vietnam over the period of 1996-2003. Thus the study concluded that economic growth in Vietnam was viewed as an important factor to attract FDI inflows into Vietnam. Feridun (2004) used Granger test to examine the causality between FDI and GDP in the economy of Cyprus and found that GDP in Cyprus was caused only by the FDI. Further the study suggested that the economic development will depend on the performance in attracting foreign investment in Cyprus. Borensztein, Gregorio and Lee (1998) argued that FDI had a positive growth effect when the country had human capital that allowed it to disseminate FDI spillovers. However, Alfaro et al (2003) argued that FDI promotes economic growth in countries having developed and liberalized financial markets. Methodology and Data GDP data has been obtained from World Bank website (World Development Indicators). Values are based upon GDP in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for different economies are established in the WEO assumptions for each WEO exercise. UNCTAD has the most complete FDI database and it compiles data on bilateral FDI flows – both inflows and outflows. The main sources for UNCTAD’s FDI flows are national authorities (central banks or statistical office). These data are further complemented by data obtained from other international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank (World Development Indicators), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and UNCTADÂ ´s own estimates. Both Remittance and Official Development Assistance (ODA) data are retrieved from the website that compiled from IMF balance of payments data. Empirical Analysis & Interpretations of the Results This section presents the result of regressions of the previously defined measure of GDP using 20 years data of Bangladesh. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the variables used in the estimates. Summary statistics in table 3 include the mean and the standard deviation for time period of 1986-2005.

Islamic Religion Essay

Sayyid Qutb also known as (Father of Modern Islamic Extremism) is an academic and writer who is said to be one of the most significant thinkers in modern and contemporary Arab Islamic resurgence, born on the 8th of October 1960 and living his life until being executed by hanging on the 29th of August 1966. His main impact on Islam is through his expression of the religion as a universal philosophy, a political and social force with the potential to provide solutions to all societal problems. Qutb believed that returning to a true Islamic state would provide social justice and cure societal malaise as â€Å"Islam stands against corruption, oppression and capitalism. † His main beliefs, including the concept of jahiliyyah (a non-Muslim) and his understanding of jihad are expressed through his two main books â€Å"The Shade of the Qur’an† and â€Å"Milestones†. These books were heavily criticised by many Orthodox Muslims and Salafi scholars, they are widely read. Directly opposing Jahilliyah perceived authorities had been placed in the minds of a new generation of Muslim youth. In this sense it is clear to see that he has had a dramatic effect on the development and expression of Islam. Although many conservative Muslims and Islamic scholars believe he lacked respect for Islamic traditions and wrongly interpreted the Qur’an, many other Muslims and modern Jihadists consider him a martyr. Qutb came to reject everything about the west due to the experiences he faced while visiting America, including democracy and nationalism. The United States at that time was, politically and socially, perhaps at the height of the West. Because it was so bad, he concluded that nothing the west had to offer was good. Unfortunately the Egyptian government at that time was very pro-western, and his new views brought him into conflict with the current regime. Like so many other young radicals, he was thrown in prison, where deprivation and torture were the norm. it was there, horrified by the barbarism of the camp guards, that he probably lost hope that the current regime could be called â€Å"Muslim†. These Muslims kept the survival of his a legacy, believing his effect on the development and expression of Islam to be a positive one. A society whose legislation does not rest on divine law (shari’at Allah) is not Muslim, however ardently its individuals may proclaim themselves Muslim, even if they pray, fast and make the pilgrimage. What we did not know was that Sayyid Qutb was soon to be the mentor of the notorious Osama Bin Laden, who would come later to be known for terrorist activites. Ethics – Sexual Ethics The Qur’an is the basic source of ethical teachings, such as judgements, statements in it either remind humanity of the basic common sense created by God, or extend this common sense to specific examples or situations and present specific behavioural expectations. Another teaching is the Hadith; it contains the teachings and sayings of Prophet Muhammad that explain the teachings of the Qur’an. It places the Qur’an into the context of daily life. The Sirah is a similar collection of works aiming to clarify the teachings within the Qur’an; however the collection of stories has none of the prophet’s original work. Islam considers sexuality to be a part of a person’s divinely created identity with the ideal goal being marriage and procreation. It is considered that sex is an essential human behaviour that needs to be satisfied but properly and lawfully. Islam prohibits any deprivation of human behaviour – looks at the proper (legal) use of sex as an act of worship (Ibadah). The Hadith contains quotes that relate to the sexual practice and correct application of Allah’s gift of sexuality. â€Å"They are your garments and you are their garments. † (2. 187) the metaphor of the garment is a very powerful one as it brings home the message. It creates in the mind a picture of the relationship needed for a happy and healthy marriage. Clothes are a basic necessity for humans. They are used for warmth as well as beauty. Sex is the ultimate expression of love and is total physical and emotional encounter. The ethical teachings that surrounds Islamic life, are determined by the Al’ Qur’an, the sacred writing brought by the last prophet Muhammad word by word from the Islamic god Allah. This sacred writing is taught through the 114 Sura’s (chapters) of the Al’ Qur’an. The Hadith, second to the Qur’an in importance and authority, are collections of Islamic traditions and laws (Sunnah). The Sharia refers to how Muslims should live or the path they must follow. This includes traditional sayings of Muhammad. Fiqh† Arabic for the world Islamic jurisprudence, Fiqh is an expansion of the Sharia Islamic Law based on the Qur’an and Sunnah, it complements Sharia with evolving rulings and interpretations of Islamic Jurists. The Fiqh deals with the observance of the rituals, morals and social obligations. (Jurisprudence) states that you must surrender to the will of Allah; it is the most fundamental Islamic value. A Muslim must try ones hardest to establish good according to the order fixed by Allah because each person is God’s agent on earth and has responsibility to Allah, Muhammad’s teachings gives specifics for Marriage and Pre-marital sex. The ideal goal being marriage and procreation, marriage is a legally binding contractual arrangement (called Nikah), sex outside of marriage is forbidden and seen as an attack on the community as well as a breach of this contract. If a Muslim engages in premarital sex, he/she are seen as not submitting to the will of Allah, very harsh penalties will be advised if this act is carried out. Muslims treat marriage as the norm and whilst celibacy is discouraged, fornication is absolutely condemned; this act can lead to the touching, kissing, or the exposing of their bodies of Islamic people. The quote below explains how to do this in an acceptable and legal way for Islamic adherence. â€Å"Marriage is my tradition. He who rejects my tradition is not of me. Marriage is half of religion. The other half is being God fearing† Qur’an 4:3 In Allah’s rulings, there is no fixed rule as to the age of marriage. It is becoming fashionable for young Muslim men not to marry until they have completed their education, have a job, or reached age 26-30 or more. Similarly young Muslim girls say they want to marry after age 24. Conversely the teachings of the Qur’an Homosexuality are condemned to all of Islam. The aims of natural sexuality are procreation and homosexuality does not permit this. Islam accepts no justification for the unnatural sin of homosexuality. Punishment is encouraged but not prescribed. The Qur’an has an oblique reference of lesbian behaviour (lutiyya) â€Å"And those of your women, who commit legal sexual intercourse, take the evidence of four witnesses from amongst you against them; and if they testify, confine them to houses until death comes to them or Allah ordains for them some other way. †

Agon Absurdism and Life Sisyphus Essay

Agon Absurdism and Life Sisyphus Essay Agon: Absurdism and Life Sisyphus Essay In Albert Camus’ â€Å"The Myth of Sisyphus,† the reader is presented with a completely new way to look at this ancient story. Rather then looking at the life Sisyphus led while he was on Earth, Camus presents the life Sisyphus led while in the underworld. More specifically, Camus doesn’t focus on Sisyphus’ struggle or punishment, but instead focuses on his ability to overcome his punishment and be happy in spite of it. Through out the reading Sisyphus makes several different attempts at dealing with the demands and punishment placed upon him; the first being simple defiance, and the second, and most profound, is acceptance. Through out his life Sisyphus has many demands placed upon him by the gods, all of which he meets with defiance; such as when Aesopus asks Sisyphus about the disappearance of his daughter, Aegina. Sisyphus would only tell who did it if Aesopus would give water to the citadel of Corinth. Instead of being forthcoming with the information he had, Sisyphus decides rather to blackmail Aesopus so that he could gain something for the people of Corinth. His only motivation for doing this act was to gain something for his people and himself; which is why he chose the gift of water over the celestial thunder bolts. He chose the water because it was something they could get the most use out of. Sisyphus’ defiance of the gods wasn’t just for the benefit of the people but also for his own personal gain. In addition to defying the gods for the benefit of his people he also defied the gods for his own benefit. For example, â€Å"When he had seen again the face of this world, enjoyed water and sun, warm stones and the sea, he no longer wanted to go back to the infernal darkness. Recalls, signs of anger, warnings were of no avail.† Despite constant warnings from the gods Sisyphus remains hard nosed and stubborn and only focuses on himself and what he wanted to do. Because of his stubbornness he earns himself what could be considered the harshest of punishments, an eternity of futile labor; in which he has to push a stone up a mountain, but he was even able to overcome this and defy of the gods. As one looks at Sisyphus, he sees someone, â€Å"straining to raise a huge stone, to roll it and push it up a slope a hundred times over, one sees the face skewed up, the cheek tight against the stone, the shoulder bracing the clay-covered mass, the foot wedging it,† and a smile on his face. One may ask how someone can still smile in the face of adversity. How he can smile even when he is condemned to an eternity of futile labor. This isn’t something that just came to Sisyphus; it is rather something that he has come to realize. At first, Sisyphus undertakes his task begrudgingly; as he is going back down the mountain he has a â€Å"heavy yet measured step toward the torment of which he will never know the end.† As a result of this punishment Sisyphus suffers from a melancho ly that stems from his longing to see the world again and his passion for life, which causes him to go through his life in and almost robotic, unconscious, manner. It is in these moments that the gods have won; the rock has won. But this is not Sisyphus, he is not one to lie down and let fate be his master. He has conquered death before, and even placed him in chains. Similarly, he will overcome his punishment he will conquer

Free English Essays

Free English Essays Free English Essays Free English Essays Free English essays should be used with caution.   Firstly, it is very unwise to submit free English essays as your own writings.   Secondly, free English essays may not correspond to your specific essay question.   What is the solution?   Read the free sample of English essays, decide whether you can write your own essay, and order professional essay writing service! Our English essay writers can write an essay on any topic!   All English essays are written from scratch and contain no plagiarism. is a trusted site hiring responsible writers. Free English essays - sample on society "Societies" can't make the kinds of conscious risk assessments that informed individuals do. Instead, those decisions are made by small subsets of the society, with most individuals (including many leaders) unaware that they are being made. Furthermore, although questions of intergenerational equity do play a role in individual risk assessment (women will, for example, avoid consuming substances in pregnancy they think may later harm their children), we believe that it should play a much larger role in social risk-taking. Social systems have adapted to the consequences of inevitable individual deaths. But should our generation's "decision" to wipe out much of Earth's biodiversity be carried out, the consequences could plague our descendants for a hundred thousand generations or more. The consequences of mistakes in social risk-taking can be therefore much more widespread and long-lasting than those of individual risk-taking. As has often been said about the extinction crisis, we are not just causing the deaths of many other organisms, we are causing an end to their births. To most people, the latter is a much grimmer consequence, be it for rhinos or for humanity. Since the probability of the extinction of many organisms is very high and the consequences are deemed very serious, the risk being run by not dealing effectively with the extinction crisis is gigantic. Social risk-benefit decisions differ from personal ones in another important way. The kinds of risks one faces day to day tend to be familiar and easily perceived, as are the benefits. Most of us have seen many automobile accidents, if not in person, then on the evening news. The risks one runs in driving are part of everyday life, but so is the convenience of personal transportation. Virtually everyone over fifty has seen a friend or relative die miserably of cancer and has lost someone close from a heart attack. Costs that are thought to lie far in the future may be heavily discounted - †the "getting lung cancer in my seventies is a small price to pay for the joy of smoking until then" syndrome. But easily perceived risks are often ignored if one values the benefits highly enough. Skydivers are in no doubt about the potential costs of the chute are not opening but know the exhilaration of the drop. Many regularly confront the zero infinity dilemma of jumping out of an airplan e for the fun of it and accept the risk. Custom Writing Of course, not every person is fascinated with writing. I know many people who hate writing.   You can be an excellent speaker but essay writing may cause uncontrollable nervousness.   If you really care about your academic achievements, do not hesitate to use professional English essay writing services.   Your essay will be written from scratch, meet all requirements, and guarantee positive results.

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese

A Guide to Saying Aunt in Chinese There are many terms for aunt in Chinese depending on whether the aunt is on the mothers side, fathers side, the eldest aunt, or the youngest aunt. Also, each region in China has its own way of saying aunt. Across the board, the most common term for aunt in Chinese is  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­). Pronunciation   The Chinese term for aunt or auntie is composed of two characters: é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨. The pinyin for the first character é˜ ¿ is Ä . Thus, é˜ ¿ is pronounced in the 1st tone. The pinyin for the second character Ã¥ § ¨ is yà ­. That means Ã¥ § ¨ is pronounced in the 2nd tone. In terms of  tones,  Ã©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ can also be referred to as a1 yi2. Term Use é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­) is a general term that can be used to refer to  a family member, but it can also refer to people outside of the family. While it is considered polite to formally address female acquaintances as Miss or Mrs. in America, Chinese culture errs on the more familiar side. When addressing friends of parents, parents of friends, or elder females acquaintances in general, it is common to call them é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨ (Ä  yà ­).  In that way, this term is akin in auntie in English. Different Family Members As mentioned earlier, there are many ways to say aunt in Chinese depending on many factors. Here is a short breakdown of different terms for aunt in Mandarin Chinese. Ã¥ §â€˜Ã¥ §â€˜ (gÃ… «gu):  fathers sisterÃ¥ © ¶Ã¥ © ¶ (shÄ›nshen):  fathers brothers wifeÃ¥ § ¨Ã¥ ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (yà ­mÄ ):  mothers sister舅å ª ½ (traditional) /  Ã¨Ë†â€¦Ã¥ ¦Ë† (simplified) (jià ¹mÄ ):  mothers brothers wife Sentence Examples Using  Ã„€yà ­ Ä€yà ­ li le!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¤ ¾â€ Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (traditional Chinese)é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¦  ¥Ã¤ ºâ€ ! (simplified Chinese)Auntie is here! TÄ  shà ¬ bà ¹shà ¬ nÇ  de Ä yà ­?Ã¥ ¥ ¹Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ¸ Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¤ ½  Ã§Å¡â€žÃ©Ëœ ¿Ã¥ § ¨(both traditional and simplified Chinese)Is she your aunt? Ä€yà ­ hÇŽo!é˜ ¿Ã¥ § ¨Ã¥ ¥ ½! (both traditional and simplified Chinese)Hi, Auntie!

Designing For Usability Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Designing For Usability - Essay Example This report covers a comprehensive assessment of the usability test of the website: http://www.cusu.org/. This analysis report will offer a deep insight into the application of testing methods, analysis of the factors of usability for testing, assessment of usability issues in website, recommendations for improving the website’s usability and synopsis of usefulness of the method we chose for overall website analysis. This report will be based on the views of three different users. This report will present the website analysis from views of three users JAMES, ALEX and SMITH. In order to get the views of these users a questionnaire will be used. This questionnaire will be attached in Appendix A. ... These questioners are presented in APPENDIX A. Coaching Method This method is extensively used for conducting usability tests. Seeing that, this method involves the users who can inquire about the system-related issues. Thus, in this method system users will work as trainer. In this report we will use this method for assessing http://www.cusu.org/ for the information requirements of various users in an attempt to offer improved guidance as well as certification, in addition to refurbish the user interface to reduce the need for inquiries. However, it can be done by using questionnaire and distributing it to the website users or analyzers for the enhanced and better assessment of the website (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). Performance Measurement The next method that we will use will require getting quantitative data regarding test contestants’ execution or performance as those are carried out on the website working all through usability test. However, in order to apply this testing method we will require describing the objectives for the usability testing in scenario of usability features. Moreover, in case of application of such usability testing method we will need to specify the prime usability issues regarding website through dimensions like that users learning time, efficient communications, faults rate, etc (UsabilityHome, 2010) and (Dix et al., 1998). USABILITY TEST FOR THE WEB SITE This section is about the assessment of main parameters of the usability regarding http://www.cusu.org/ website. Here I will assess some of the main functioning and working aspects of the website through the possible working and operational assessments: (Nielsen, 2005), (Dix et al., 1998) and (Kyrnin, 2011) In this section I will

Research methods and perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research methods and perspectives - Essay Example Ethics has a number of significant branches that can be summarized here as meta-ethics which details the theoretical implications as well as references related with moral propositions and how the truth meanings could be discerned. The normative ethics discuss the practical means through which moral courses of actions are found out. Applied ethics states how ethical outcomes could be attained within specified circumstances, situations and events. Moral psychology is another branch of ethics which deals with the proposition of how moral capacity develops and how its nature works to good effect (Sarantakos 2005). Lastly, descriptive ethics looks at the moral values, principles and beliefs which people listen and adhere to, on a consistent basis. All of these branches have one or the other moral justifications that do play their respective roles within the ethical understandings (Seale 2004). There are however a number of schools of thought as far as comprehending the basic premise behin d ethics and the sub-fields of study are also present under its aegis. The famous personalities who have played significant roles in forming ethical theories include G E Moore, John Rawls, Socrates, Aristotle, John Piper, Epictetus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, G E M Anscombe, Karl Marx, Judith Martin to name a few. Understanding the world of ethics is based on a number of beliefs, most common of which is the act of doing universal good so that the wellness of the society could be assured. This means that the people who are ethically-driven will usually bring a great deal of sanity within the different processes and actions they are involved in, and thus assist the society to grow and develop in a very positive fashion. Ethical perspectives keep on changing with the passage of time because these are seen from differential contexts every now and then (Snidal 2008). However the element of doing good and being seen as good is something that

Intersection between Art and Politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Intersection between Art and Politics - Essay Example It is prudent that the events from the 1830 Revolution had shaped the political scene in France, and some sense of democracy and self-rule was emanating from the rulers. The fact that artists were allowed to elect their people to the jury that oversaw selection to the Salon manifested the political maturity that the July Monarchy had undergone. That notwithstanding, the Constitution of the July Monarchy under which Louis Napoleon took over leadership of the county prescribed that the term of the president will be subject to a one-year term of four years that is not renewable. Practically, the laws were keen to do away with the dictatorship that had marred the nation for years and open a new window of political free will whereby power emanates from the people and is owned by the people of France. Owing to the changes that the July Monarchy installed on the Salon the next episodes of the Academy demonstrated massive improvement in terms of both quality and the scope of ideas that the a rtists showcased. Consequently, the subsequent editions of the Salons were characterized by an increase in the number of artistic paintings that demonstrated the impact of the 1848 Revolution thus instilling some sense of realism to the industry (258).Jean Louis Ernest Meissonier was among the notable artists to present historical paintings at the Salon that depicted the effects of the 1848 Revolution. The memory of Civil War is a painting that he made of a scene from the July Days that he experienced first-hand.

Literacy Autobiography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy Autobiography - Essay Example Plenty of dimensions have been attached to literacy. Cultural values play an important role in helping a person to acquire literacy. Even though literacy is encouraged in most of the cultures, some cultures seem to have disbelief in the power of literacy. For example, women in fundamental Muslim societies are denied the opportunity to acquire literacy. In one of the recent shocking incidents, a teenage Pakistani girl, Malala was attacked by the Muslim fundamental groups for her efforts to spread education among Muslim girls in Pakistan. However, most of the other cultures including that one mine are encouraging literacy among all kind of people. In fact my culture or community is giving more attention educating even the old people. It should be noted that literacy helps people to become self-sufficient in all respects. Illiterate people forced to depend others more than literate people. For example, it is difficult for an illiterate person to fill official documents or read newspaper s. Such people always depends others for knowing things happening around them. We are living in a world in which the technological growth is taking place at a rapid pace. Many of the technologies in the past have given way for new technologies. For example, huge growth has been observed in mobile technologies in recent times. Instead of ordinary mobile phones, touchscreen phones or smartphones are currently conquering the market. The capabilities of smartphones are unimaginable. It is impossible for an illiterate person to operate a modern smartphone. My literacy in terms of technology is pretty good. I have already learned many things about computers and its operations. My knowledge in computer technologies is definitely helping me to operate most of the modern electronic equipment such as smartphones, television sets, digital cameras, etc. It would have been impossible for me to operate these things if I was an illiterate person. It is unimaginable for me to lead a life in which I should seek the help of others in operating a mobile phone or camera. Such a scenario would have been a real shame for me. At present, I am able to operate my smartphones and iPad with very much ease. It helps me chat with my friends and relatives through internet and social media. Moreover, these equipment helps me to stay connected to the external world all the time with the help of internet. My iPad is helping me immensely in my studies. My iPad helps me to avoid writing notes, and carrying a bunch of books into the classroom. If I was in illiterate in terms of technology, still I would have carried heavy note books and text books into the class room. In short, my literacy in technology is helping me in reducing my workloads immensely and also in standing tall among my friends and relatives. Fortunately, I belong to a community or culture which has open mind towards literacy. In fact, my community is encouraging education at all levels. It keeps a liberal attitude towards litera cy. Adult education is given special emphasizing in my community. I remember a massive literacy campaign conducted in my native place few couple of decades before. The purpose of this literacy campaign was to educate all the people in that place in reading and writing. This campaign helped my home town to become 100% literate within three months. Now all the people including the farmers, laborers and old people in my home town are capable of reading and writi

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus Research Proposal

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus - Research Proposal Example Cyprus as a whole is now an open, free-market, service-based economy with some light manufacturing (TDS, 2008). Since 1st May 2004, Cyprus has accession to the European Union, which is an important milestone in its recent economic development. The Cypriots are the most prosperous people in the Mediterranean region. It has good, educated English-speaking population, good airline connections and an excellent telecommunications. The economic activity in Cyprus had been based on agriculture in the past but in the past two decades there has been a shift towards light manufacturing and services. Today agriculture contributes only 3.2% to the GDP while industry and construction contribute 19.2 percent and the services sector including tourism contribute 77.6% to the GDP employing 72.1% of the labor force (TDS, 2008). Cyprus has very few proven natural resources although the government is trying to explore the possibilities for offshore oil and gas reserves off its southern coast. The GNP growth rates have declined as the Cyprus economy has matured over the years. Public finances have improved considerably and the fiscal deficit which had peaked in 2003 was eliminated by 2007 (TDS, 2008). There was fiscal surplus in 2007 and the public debt declined simultaneously. The Cyprus economy got a further boost when Euro replaced the Cyprus pound as Cyprus’ national currency. This is expected to bring about a higher degree of price stability, lower interest rates, reduction of currency conversion costs and exchange rate risk, and increased competition through greater price transparency. The investment climate in Cyprus is conducive to FDI. There is increased flow of FDI particularly from the EU. Cyprus has good communication system, an educated labor force, good airline connections, and a sound legal system and provides modern infrastructures and tax incentives for business houses. The cost of living in Cyprus is low which

Importance of Netpulses Technologies for Beach Bum Essay

Importance of Netpulses Technologies for Beach Bum - Essay Example It has been apparent from the fact that the application of different information systems has augmented at a faster rate over the previous years. Moreover, it has been noted that the aspect of information technology (IT) has relentlessly become a vital constituent in the working life as well as the personal environment of every individual. Most of the business organizations belonging to different industrial segments extensively rely upon the feature of information technologies or systems at a considerable level. With the rapid appearance of the feature of electronic commerce or e-commerce, the implementation, as well as the application of information systems, has been raised at large. The business organizations enthusiastically use the different information systems not only for the motive of increasing their operational standards but also to generate new business opportunities in order to remain competitive in this present situation of the global business market (Ward & Peppard, 2002) . In order to deal with the information technologies strategically, it is quite important to understand the function of technology-based information systems which significantly facilitate to develop the business organizations. In today’s contemporary world, the organizations desire to execute an advanced strategic approach in order to manage the information systems. The various strategic applications linked with information systems as well as technologies which are quite vital for the businesses include computer-incorporated manufacturing programs and electronic mail or electronic data interchange (EDI) systems among others (Ward & Peppard, 2002). In order to deal with the information technologies strategically, it is quite important to understand the function of technology-based information systems which significantly facilitate to develop the business organizations.

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus Research Proposal

Economy and Tourism of Cyprus - Research Proposal Example Cyprus as a whole is now an open, free-market, service-based economy with some light manufacturing (TDS, 2008). Since 1st May 2004, Cyprus has accession to the European Union, which is an important milestone in its recent economic development. The Cypriots are the most prosperous people in the Mediterranean region. It has good, educated English-speaking population, good airline connections and an excellent telecommunications. The economic activity in Cyprus had been based on agriculture in the past but in the past two decades there has been a shift towards light manufacturing and services. Today agriculture contributes only 3.2% to the GDP while industry and construction contribute 19.2 percent and the services sector including tourism contribute 77.6% to the GDP employing 72.1% of the labor force (TDS, 2008). Cyprus has very few proven natural resources although the government is trying to explore the possibilities for offshore oil and gas reserves off its southern coast. The GNP growth rates have declined as the Cyprus economy has matured over the years. Public finances have improved considerably and the fiscal deficit which had peaked in 2003 was eliminated by 2007 (TDS, 2008). There was fiscal surplus in 2007 and the public debt declined simultaneously. The Cyprus economy got a further boost when Euro replaced the Cyprus pound as Cyprus’ national currency. This is expected to bring about a higher degree of price stability, lower interest rates, reduction of currency conversion costs and exchange rate risk, and increased competition through greater price transparency. The investment climate in Cyprus is conducive to FDI. There is increased flow of FDI particularly from the EU. Cyprus has good communication system, an educated labor force, good airline connections, and a sound legal system and provides modern infrastructures and tax incentives for business houses. The cost of living in Cyprus is low which

Strategic Management of Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Management of Human Resources - Essay Example ining these ingredients provide the motivation, incentives and sense of purpose, which account for success and also help to explain why some of the familiar mechanistic planning and control techniques work so well in some contexts and not in others (Ahuja, 2005, p.830). The understanding of culture provides better alternatives for decision making by the managers. However, it puts restrictions on the alternatives to the managers, that is, the managers should conform to requirements of cultural patterns of people in the organization. This is so because of two reasons: First, no organization can be isolated from cultural environment, that is, organization as a social unit must operate within the framework of the larger cultural system. As such, a congruency has to be maintained with the values of total culture. Second, organization may be considered as a subculture within the framework of total broader culture. No doubt, every organization develops its own norms and cultural pattern of behavior; these elements are developed within the context of the larger cultural pattern. No part of the system should go against it if both have to succeed. From this point of view, the culture affects the functioning of an organization. Culture places imperative demands on organizations. Culture includes both abstract and material elements. Abstract elements include values, attitudes, ideas, personality types, and summary constructs such as religion, etc. Material elements include all the physical and observable things that man has created and which in turn have an effect on pattern of life and behavior. These elements may be such diverse items as products, buildings, machinery, etc. Though there maybe relationship between abstract and material cultures, both affecting each other, it is much more difficult to change attitudes and value systems than to institute technological innovations. The discrepancy between material inventions and the beliefs and patterning of human behavior

Needs Analysis Essay Example for Free

Needs Analysis Essay Majority of students lack understanding of mathematical language and show weakness in basic numerical computation. The students make frequent errors because they misread operation signs when adding or subtracting integers or carry numbers incorrectly when multiplying whole number and decimals. Furthermore, these students have difficulty understanding written or verbal directions or explanations, and find word problems especially difficult to translate. Current Conditions The current data shows that only 15 percent of the students were able to understand and perform the necessary computation with minimal errors on application problems to pass the semester exam with a 70 or above. Thus 85 percent were unsuccessful on the semester exam that focus on computation skills and understanding application word problems. Desired Conditions The optimal goal is to increase the student’s performance from its current state by 200 percent. By increasing the student’s performance, the students should be able to understand, define, and use mathematical terminology to solve difficult application problems without minimal computation errors. Data Collection Processes Discussion of Data Collection Instruments Used In order to determine what problems students had in school and what tools math teachers thought students should emphasize, interviews and focus groups were used due to the speed of receiving the results. Test score data was gathered from the district as it was already mandated by the district and results were already given. Test scores and the data retrieved from the district is meant to be similar to the state assessment that will be given towards the end of the 5th six weeks. Discussion of Sources of Data Surveys and other short interviews were given to the 6th, 7th, and 8th grade math teachers at the middle school campus. It is believed that it is partially due the lack of reviewing their own work is a potential source of the low test scores. Survey question was introduced by creating a baseline of how often teachers believed students should be checking their work. By first understanding this, it would allow a determination if there was in fact a difference between students’ actual reviewing patterns and the actual reviewing patterns. Additionally, an issue with reviewing would be if students are unfamiliar with how to check their work. By determining which skills the teachers deem to be the most productive when practicing their computation, the teachers will then be able to create a vertical alignment where instruction is built on those review skills. This would provide students with a foundation where their knowledge can be increased without the troubles of having to learn a new way to review. Typically the reverse operation would be done in order to check for the correct answer. However, if there is an issue in the basic computation it would hinder students being able to check their work. This was the reason why students were also given survey questions and were interviewed. Students would be asked how often they check their work and they would also identify their self-efficacy in computation of problems with decimals. If there is a need in that students do not check their work and if they do not feel competent in completing the problems with decimals, then it would dictate a need to reteach the material. Surveys and interviews were given to students due to their speed and their ability to quickly assess where a need was. Data Analysis Techniques Used The first survey question asked the students about the percentage of the time they reviewed their work after completing a math problem. The answer choices included: between 0-20 percent, between 20-40 percent, between 40-60 percent, between 60-80 percent, and between 80-100 percent.

Challenges Faced By Abbasid

Challenges Faced By Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate ruled over the Islamic world, making it one of the influential and longest Islamic dynasties. During the rule of Umayyad, the Abbasids came in a rebellion with the help of coalition of various forces which were unhappy with the rule of Umayyad. Once the Abbasids were in power they continued with many policies that were built by Umayyad. One thing that made unique the Abbasids than the Umayyads was that the Abbasids embrace Persian culture and moved the capital to the new city to the Baghdad while the Abbasid had grown and faced rise as well as fall in the caliphate that are linked to diversity in terms of ethnicities and culture as their openness to Non Muslims also. This period is considered as the most successful and golden age for the Islamic culture. Challenges Faced: In context of fall or challenges faced by Abbasid, author Nigel D. Furlong states that With Kharijite tensions in the government, the rise of the Saffarids, Shiite enemies, and the emerging Qarmatiyyuns, the Abbasid state could not devote the resources necessary to deal with the Zanj revolt until ten years after the Zanj began their military and economic campaign (Rise and Fall, 2008). Under the influence of Abbasids, Baghdad was developed and became the most cultured and the leading city in the world. The literature, art and science were developed under the sponsorship of Caliph Harun al- Rashid and his son, Al-Mamun that created the House of Wisdom. The House of Wisdom was accountable for the translation of knowledge in Arabic from all around the world. With the implementation of such policies, the Abbasids oversaw an Islamic golden age where the learning of many civilizations was expanded and preserved upon. A number of practical innovations took place in different fields such as art, culture, and technical but major improvement was noticed in the field of agriculture. Many new techniques and methods were implemented in order to reduce the labor needs. At the same time, import and export trade process was enhanced and such Islamic innovation continued even as the government of Abbasid fell into the confusion. Gradually, under the governorship of Emirs and of mil itary that controlled the caliphs, Abbasid power became weakened and began to face several challenges (The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization). During the period of early ninth century, by the time of Caliph Al-Radi, the Abbasid Caliphate was succeeded and thrived despite of having multiethnic and massive empire because of several capable advisors and caliphs. So, the major challenge the Abbasid faced was the multiethnic and massive empire. At the same time, Abbasid faced challenges of revolts from the North Africa and Persia and Harun Al- Rashid was removed from power by the Persian Barmakid family which was supposed to be source of many great advisors. After this event his son Al- Mamun continued with the caliphate (The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization). Al- Mamun tested and adopted mihna and Mutazili technology in their caliphate which was influenced by the Greek philosophy. It was compulsory to follow the theory or else they could be imprisoned or killed. It leads to the divisions between the Islamic people and Islamic sovereign that was exacerbate by his creation of his army only. The Persian governor ruled as a king and set up his own dynasty however he continued to identify the Abbasid. This continuation of trend of impendent governors as well as the cost of running massive empire and maintaining a large bureaucracy became major challenges for the Abbasid caliphate (The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization). To overcome with all such challenges, the caliphs granted tax-farms to military commanders and governors and Al-Mutasim expanded its own army called Ghilman. These slaves tried to rule over the people of Baghdad that resulted in the riots and anger of the citizens. Instead of trying to solve the situation, the caliphate moved capital from Baghdad to Samarra. This step was not accurate and the capital moved back to Baghdad by Caliph Al-Muwaffaq who guided the caliphate to new prosperity and hence, Abbasid power gained a new lease on life (The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization). Impact Of Their Rise To Power: The rise of Abbasid was very impactful not only to Muslims but also to neighboring Non-Muslim states. The major important factor in their caliphate was its openness to the people; previously which was subject to the rejection by the Umayyad Caliphate. The rise of the Abbasid Caliphate greatly enriched every field such as agriculture, trade, natural science, literature, astronomy, chemistry as well as mathematics (Rise and Fall, 2008). In context of the cultural values Amira K. Bennison states in his book The Golden Age of the Abbasid Empire that the rulers of Abbasids nurtured the civilized values in their caliphate which western civilizations so often claim to represent and inculcated (Bennison, 2009). During that period, Abbasids were trying to advance all sectors of the economy mostly due to the efforts of Muslim Persians working in those respective fields. In the beginning of their rule many different aspects of Quran were also flourished because of the new idea proposed by the Muslims as well as Non Muslims of the state. The openness strategy of their community lead to the innovation in technology with the implementation of new methods and ideas so that they overcome with their Arabian and Non Arabian counterparts and it reshaped industries into more effective and wealth producing industries (Rise and Fall, 2008). Under the rule of Harun al- Rashid, Baghdad became the most important centre for philosophy, science, education, medicine and the literature. It share contacts and borders with many distant empires to collect, migrate, expand and translate knowledge of other civilizations like Indians, Persians, Greeks, Chinese and Romans. The Indian numerals which have become standard in the western world and in the Islamic were aided in the scientific discoveries and mathematics. Other Scholars such as Al- Biruni and Abu Nasar Mansur made contribution in the development of the astronomy and geometry while Al-Kindi synthesized Greek philosophy and revolutionized mathematics with Islamic thought. Many important innovations were taken place in the region which was important reason for the growth and development and hence, today this period is known as the Islamic Golden Age. This impacted innovation and development in the Muslim as well as in the Non Muslim states. The process of imports and exports w ere enhanced with new ideas, rules, laws and policies. Literatures were developed with the contribution of many scholars and writers in all subjects such as mathematics, astronomy, economics or science. Similarly, improved method of agriculture, advanced farming and crop techniques was implemented that reduced the need for labor and increased the productivity that ultimately enhanced economic situation of the region and also of the neighboring region (The Abbasid Dynasty: The Golden Age of Islamic Civilization).

internment camp :: essays research papers

well. I have realize that the people and government that maintain, cleanse, and protect the social fabric of America is a great one. But the social fabric of America is not as clean as we like to think it is. As a matter of fact the fabric has been stain quite a few times actually, and not with the type of stains that can be simply remove. But the kind of stains that take years of steam cleaning and chemical treatment to restore to its original condition. In this case, the stains I am referring to is regarding the internment of Japanese Americans and the long restoration period it took for Japanese Americans to restore their lives physically and mentally. John Locke was an advocator of three natural rights: life, liberty, and property. The Japanese who were detain lost all of these, including life. When I mean life I don’t mean being executed, but when you lose your liberty and property based on your ancestry; your whole life has been basically stripped away from you, so what is life then? A long history of Anti-Japanese sentiments fueled by economic competition and racial stereotypes propel the frontrunner(in my opinion) of this unconstitutional act, General DeWitt, to make it a personal quest of sort to assure a forced exodus of Japanese American into internment camps, ran by the WRA. The decision of internment was implemented towards Japanese Americans living on the west coast in 1942 after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. Claims of Japanese soldier being aid by Japanese American to help plan the attack on pearl harbor caused concern for the general public. The fingers of dead Japanese's soldiers were allege to have worn class rings from Hawaii university. But what made matter was when many influential news and media sources failed to investigate these claims of Japanese American sabotages against the united states. the media didn’t take time to check questionable evidence of regarding these claims. The majority of the media were being bias by leading public opinion polls against Japanese's Americans instead of presenting evidence. Few journalists have claim there was no differences between u.s citizens of Japanese ancestry and the Japanese citizens who attack pearl harbor. A popular slogan for the journalist who felt this way was â€Å" A viper is nonetheless a viper wherever the egg is hatched. So a Japanese -American grows up to be a Japanese not an American.

Developing Effective Teamwork in Organizations Essay

There are many different opinions and definitions of organizational structure. Structure in a sense is the arrangement of the functions used to do the work. Thompson said the structure â€Å"is the inner structure of the differentiation and the relations.† He referred to the structure as the means by which the organization sets boundaries and limits for the effective performance of its members, by the definition of responsibilities, resource control and other issues. Katz and Kahn said that â€Å"the structure is a series of interconnected events that occur, fill and renew a cycle of activities.† Culture, in an organizational context, can generally regard as the sum of a group or as a nation to think, believe, feel and act can be defined. Culture is the way of life of a group of people. More formal culture includes acquired as a complex whole, knowledge, belief, art, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits of the members of a society. A corporation may be represented by the members of a nation as well as of members of an organization. Organizational structure and culture of the Uni-Lever Brothers Organizational structure called Unilever is common hybrid. The company operates three regions of the division: two product segments and five functional segments. They developed a simple structure to communication processes and effective use of available resources for the growth of the organization to accelerate. Company executives set up consists of six layers of the junior managers (local officials) to the Manager of the fifth year (the managers Unilever). Apart from this, the company employs many non-executives and cooperatives working in factories. As a multinational company Unilever a common culture for their activities has developed. They believe that all the people who work for their business and their ability to grow. The corporate culture is to believe in the ideas and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common working environment by combining carefully the needs of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to work for the company. Unilever is to develop a high commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a good reputation in the industry. Organizational structure and culture of Shaheen PHARMACEUTICALS Shaheen Pharmaceuticals is a drug known and reputable with more than 350 employees from different regions. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals has the distinction of being the first organization in the Swat Valley, which has received ISO 9001:2000 Quality Management is one of the famous and recognized IIC organization in Dubai received, UAE-based Arab countries and the Joint Accreditation System of Australia and New Zealand (JAS-ANZ) in 2007. Shaheen in recent years has initiated the implementation of the reform of the human resources in a structured way. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals successfully the process of human resources development at the beginning, with the changing needs of the organization of knowledge, skills and competencies aligned started. Shaheen pharmacy have a management style, the traditional functional departments are available to perform various activities of the organization. DIFFERENCE OF THE TWO ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURES AND CULTURES The organizational structure of the Uni-Lever Brothers is a functional the functional structure, the structure is constructed so that each part of the Organization grouped according to their purpose. Functional Structure is well suited for small businesses, in each case where department can count on the talent and expertise of its employees and support. However a disadvantage of a functional Structure the coordination and communication between Services may be limited by the boundaries of the organization have different departments working separately as in the case of Uni-Lever Brothers. Shaheen has a pharmaceutical organization chart the format of a functional structure, but the difference in the two Top organizational structure uni-lever is that brothers have a hybrid Form. These organizations will help projectized Departments. Often report directly to the project Head or as a separate functional group to support specific Functions. The main advantage that a hierarchical organization. The communication overhead reduced, as each team has a Superiors and subordinates. TASK 1b IMPACT OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND CULTURE ON THE BUSINESS PERFORMANCE Unilever has such a multi-domestic strategy of decentralization of strategic and operational decisions in every country that the product can be adapted to local preferences. Unilever global geographic structure has its food area that it can be adapted in different countries on trends and consumer demand regionalized. In addition, the company has developed a growth strategy as a â€Å"path of growth† that. During pruning it’s 400 brands of 1600 brands with fierce competition in the world of multinational and national companies to accelerate growth in the next five years. The company has taken to prevent significant restructuring and organizational changes with the organization’s goals. Alignment with senior management goals of the company are divided into two units, the unit of food and home and personal care products unit split. They distributed control subsidiaries with headquarters and selling companies are not profits. Organizational structure of Unilever is commonly a hybrid one. The company operates three regions of the division: two product segments and five functional segments. They developed a simple structure to communication processes and effective use of available resources for the growth of the organization to accelerate. The corporate culture is to believe in the ideas and support. Be a diversified company, they need to create a common working environment by combining carefully the needs of different people, so that they are motivated and proud to work for the company. Unilever is to develop a high commercial principles and code of ethics for the company a good reputation in the industry. Today’s business world has become globalized, the resources left Training strategic internal and external, in order to further the objectives of the organization. The main goal is the company HR strategy with the company to combine a competitive advantage. After major restructuring of business processes Unilever concentrates the use of its resources to its business strategy. They established a work program simply smart people work on three levels: †¢ Manage time effectively and simplify their work with a series of tools †¢ To work in a team within the company †¢ Easy to work in terms of process and organizational commitment of employees Its HR function was restructured into three components, which allows them to remove the complexity of the HR model.. The first is to their day to day transactional problems, manage shared services. Second component included the centralization of units within the company in areas such as education, administration, compensation and organizational development. Third component included development and delivery of HR solutions to solve business problems with the help of a group of human resource management specialists. Unilever is a global name in the world today, and has a large number of employees worldwide. For the company to be competitive in the world market must carefully synchronize their HR policies with the company’s strategy to achieve their goals. Building a corporate culture is part of a key strategy that includes employee passion to win in behavior, attitudes and motivation. What can be achieved in restructuring the organization, employee assessment, workshops and awards? Unilever has a model called competitive leadership for the growth profile, the various components of the process of creating a vision of growth for every person in the company, to motivate them for the purpose of work is developed combined organization. The implementation of this model is a challenge in a specific job, but the goal was also the commitment of the staff to get to work towards. Using factors LGP new company is trying to change the behavior of the manager, to the strategic objective of business growth and development, and recruitment process management (Sustainable Development, 2008) are linked. TASK 1c INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOR Culture of an organization is very important to play an important role, whether or not the organization is a happy, healthy place for many executives do not deny work, the importance of corporate culture in employee satisfaction, a sudden certainly shaping realize some direct implications it. It is often assumed that cultures are fixed, but this assumption is wrong. It is important that leaders at all levels about their roles and responsibilities in the defense of the positive work environments that can increase employee satisfaction are. Dissatisfaction is the leading cause of revenues and costs, and may have adverse environmental effects on the body. Individual Behavior Individual behavior refers to how individuals behave in the workplace; their behavior is influenced by his attitude, personality, perception, learning and motivation. This also refers to the combination of reactions to internal and external stimuli. Factors affecting individual behavior can be; Demography: Demographic factors, socioeconomic background, education, nationality, race, age, gender, etc. are organizations that people who belong to a higher socio-economic well-educated, young people, etc. because they prefer to be more effective than others probably. Young and dynamic professionals who have a good academic background and effective communication skills are always in high demand. The study of demographic factors is important because managers help you choose the right candidate for a position. Ability and Skills: Physical ability of a person to do something can be described as the ability. Competence can be seen as the ability in a way that allows a person to perform well defined act. Individual behavior and the performance is strongly influenced by the ability and skills. A person may well in the organization if their skills are matched with the job requirements. Managers play an important role in the skills and abilities of employees with the requirements of the position correspond. Perception: It is a cognitive process to interpret environmental stimuli and to make responses accordingly. Each individual on his preferences can base and organize its responses. To interpret environmental stimuli there are several factors that affect the perception of one. The study of perception plays an important role for managers. It is important for managers to create a positive work environment so that employees can perform better. Employees are most likely to succeed if they perceive a positive way. Attitude: According to psychologists, the attitude as a tendency to respond positively or negatively to certain objects, persons or situations are defined. Factors such as family, community, culture, colleagues and organizational factors influence the formation of attitudes. Manager of a company, the variables associated with the task. Working environment in a favorable way, that people are trying to create study form a positive attitude toward their jobs Employees can better in the organization, if they are positive. Personality: Personality as the study of the properties and characteristics of an individual can be the interdependent relationship between them and how a person reacts and adapts to different people and situations. The various factors that influence an individual’s personality are heredity, family, society, culture and situation. It implies that individuals differ in their nature and meets the organizational environment. Personality can be considered the most complex aspect of human behavior that is significantly affected. We can conclude that the study of personality traits is a chance to understand people. It helps them to properly orient their efforts and motivation to achieve the organizational goal. It refers to the fact that various environmental factors to produce different responses. The study of these reactions is very important for the organization. Every organization needs a certain kind of conduct of their employees, and such behavior can be discovered through obs ervation, learning, exposure, education, etc. LEARNING OUTCOME 2 Task 1 Leadership Styles A style of leadership leading provider of consulting, implementation plans and motivate. There are many different types of leadership that can be presented by the leaders in politics, business or other. Authoritarian Leadership Style An autocratic leader has strict custody and tight control over followers by giving the strict regulation policies and procedures, to the disciples. To keep the focus on the distinction between authoritarian leaders and their followers, these kinds of guides are implemented so as to make sure to create a professional relationship separate. Direct supervision, is what they believe to be the key to maintaining an efficient and trailer boat. In fear, unproductive supporter’s authoritarian leaders keep a watchful eye and it is necessary that something be done. Examples of communicative behavior authoritarian stage a traffic cop, a teacher ordered a student to do his duty, and a cleaning supervisor instructed a subordinate workstation. All of these positions require a significant number of features that give the leadership to put things in order or a point of view. Authoritarian features: sets goals individually, engaged primarily in one direction, downward communication, control conversations with the faithful, and the interaction donation. Paternalistic Leadership Style As a paternalistic leader, by taking care of you as a father figure would work to their subordinates as parents. In this way the leadership of the Chief provides comprehensive care for his followers or workers. In return, he gets the full trust and loyalty of his people. Workers under the leadership style should be very committed to what the leader thinks and do not strive and work independently. The relationship between the leaders and colleagues are extremely strong. Workers should stay with a company for a longer period due to the loyalty and trust. Not only do they treat each other like family into the labor market, but also outside. These workers are in a position to the other with all the problems that they are going through something; because they believe what they say, really help. One of the drawbacks of a paternalistic leader is that the leader can begin to play in the decisions favorites. This guide includes workers are more likely to follow and for those who were less fai thful to exclude. Democratic Leadership Style Democratic leadership includes the leaders of the decision-making skills to share with the group to promote the interests of the members of the group and the practice of social equality. This style includes discussions to encourage debate and the exchange of ideas and people feel good about their participation. The boundaries of democratic participation in the rule of the organization or group needs and the instrumental value of these attributes (skills, attitudes, etc.) are limited. Democratic style includes the idea that everyone needs, due to their status as human beings play a role in the decisions of the group. But the Democratic leadership still needs guidance and control by a specific leader. The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to participate and vote. Research has shown that this type of leadership is one of the most efficient and creates greater productivity has improved contributions from the members of the group and group increased morale. In situations where the roles are not clear or time is short, the Democratic leadership to lead the communication failures and unfinished projects. Democratic leadership works best in situations where group members are qualified and willing to share their knowledge. It is also important to allow sufficient time to help people develop a plan and then vote on the best way to have effect. Laissez-faire Leadership Style Laissez-faire leadership style was first described by Lewin, Lippitt and White in 1938, and the autocratic leadership and democratic leadership style. The laissez-faire style is sometimes referred to as â€Å"hands off† management style, because the leader delegates tasks to their fans and has little or no significance for the disciples. If the leader moves to its followers, it can sometimes lead to a lack of productivity, satisfaction and cohesion. Laissez-faire leaders loyal to complete freedom can make decisions on the conclusion of their work. It allows supporters a high degree of autonomy and independence, while providing advice and support at the same time the demand. The weary head with the Freedom Tour, trailer with all necessary materials in order to achieve their goals, but do not participate directly in the decision, unless the disciples to ask for their help. Transactional Leadership Style Transactional leadership style was first described by Max Weber in 1947 and later in 1981 by Bernard Bass. In this style he mainly used management to focus on transactional leaders. They guide their followers and motivated them by a system of rewards and punishments. There are two factors that are the basis of this system, rewards and management by exception. Offers rewards contingent rewards, both material and psychological for the efforts and recognize good performance. Management by exception allows the driver to maintain the status quo. Occurs when the subordinates do not meet an acceptable level of performance and corrective intervene to improve performance. Management by exception relieves managers, as they are called in when employees are away from. Comparison of the Five Leadership Styles Authoritarian leadership is best applied to situations where there is little time for group decision making or better informed when the leader of the member of the group. The paternalistic leader promotes the organization because she workers to perform tasks, so you can allow them to stay on top of their work. A worker task that boosts confidence and makes them work harder to achieve a goal and to exceed proved that they work hard. With this style of management can also help a reward system. This system allows employees to better, because there is something for them at the end of the tunnel. While doing this, they will also be able to perform more work in a given period. The democratic style requires the leader to decide who should be called within the group and make the right decisions and to participate and vote. Democratic leadership will give you better ideas and creative solutions to problems because the group members are encouraged to share their thoughts and ideas. Although democratic leadership style is one of the most effective leadership, it has some potential drawbacks. The laissez-faire style effective for use: †¢ The fans are highly qualified, experienced and educated. †¢ The fans are proud of their work and will do it on their own. †¢ Outside experts, such as staff specialists or consultants are used. †¢ The fans are experienced and trustworthy. This style should not be used if: †¢ The followers a sense of insecurity to the unavailability of a leader. †¢ The leader cannot or do not regularly reporting back to their disciples Effective leadership styles Uni-Lever Brothers In large multinational companies such as Uni-Lever Brothers Company endorsed the concept of leadership not only with traditional dimensions such as strokes and styles, but also at the level of the leadership skills developed through the process generated history of organizational learning. It forms what is believed to lead can affect considerable strategic importance, announced the general performance of the multinational Unilever in 2001 â€Å"Path to Growth† of the new strategy by the number of products in its portfolio in 1200 400 to instead Unilever brands create a space for global growth. A key strategy as â€Å"building a corporate culture† aims to encourage employees to gain market behavior due to their state of mind, passion and motivation. This culture has been developed through an organizational restructuring, assessment, workshops and awards. The most important is the strategic reorientation model combines Unilever new skill, leadership for the growth profile (LGP), and the following elements. First of all, everyone in the company should have a vision for growth. Growth is considered the key criteria for the conduct of employees of Unilever. Second, any increase in growth through the implementation and for other growth stimulating. Third, it is important to get the commitment of growth. And defining a new set of skills LGP / factors and the use of management development and recruitment Unilever tries to change the behavior of managers and increase behaviors that are related to the strategic objectives of growth. Unilever said Expatriate Manager Orientation power is lower than the other cultural attribute value to the company. Low score on this scale reflects the heritage management and previous painful realities of economic transition. Effective Leadership Styles in the Pharmaceutical Shaheen The basic goal of the pharmaceutical industry Shaheen is to produce high quality medicines at affordable prices with the latest technology and a highly technical. To achieve this goal, the Company has GLP, GMP and ISO 9001:2000 GWP requirements and continual improvement of their management and marketing tasks. Shaheen Pharmaceuticals by style bureaucratic activities of the HR department, that all core businesses which position a person has only one main HRD activities. Shaheen pharmacy has one of the best systems management career. The Company periodically reviews its employees and as far as the improvement of their career is to be feared, the company has an appropriate strategic planning, through which it raised the level of staff training. The company offers workshops, seminars, visits, key employees and other pharmaceutical training courses that focus on the injection of expertise and professionalism of the staff. TASK 2 ORGANISATIONAL THEORIES Organizational theory as â€Å"the study of organizations in favor of the identification of common themes in order to solve problems, the maximization of the efficiency and productivity and to meet the needs of the stakeholder organization theories are theories of classical, neo-classical and modern. It complements studies of organizational behavior studies and Human Resource Management. Organizational theory aims to understand the structure within organizations. The research aims to find out if it. Better way of structuring organizations, or if it varies depending on the situation. Another goal is to understand what causes. These theories are further categorized into three categories namely classical, neo classical and modern theories. Advantages and disadvantages of the classical theory of management practice Although classical perspective promotes efficiency, it is often to ignore the needs of people criticized. Moreover, it is rarely considered human error or the variability of the performance. One of the advantages of the traditional management structure is a clear organizational hierarchy with three levels of separate management. Each management group has its own goals and responsibilities. One of the advantages of the classical approach to management is the division of labor. The projects are divided into small tasks easy to accomplish. The division of labor leads to increased productivity and efficiency, because the workers should not multitask. According to the classical theory of management, employees must be motivated by financial rewards. Owner of a small business can take to motivate this approach by staff to achieve production. The approach of the autocratic leadership is the central part of the classical management theory. The autocratic leadership approach is generally to be made quickly by a chieftain of small decisions without a large group of people, such as advising a board. Small businesses, sole proprietorships, may have a particular advantage in this approach because they have a strong leader need to grow. Classical management theory was rigid and mechanistic and it is a clear inadequacy of the classical organization theory. Its main drawback is that it has tried to explain the motivation of the people who work strictly for economic success. Another weakness of the classical organizational theory rests on the assumption that all organizations are somewhat similar. Thompson and McHugh (2002: 6) Quote Salaman (1979: 33), which states: â€Å"A real organizational sociology is not by the efforts of some analysts helped organization hypotheses about organizations in general to develop an amalgam of these examples as diverse as voluntary organizations, charities and political organizations. Advantages and disadvantages of neoclassical theory in practice management The human relations movement developed in response to the strong and authoritarian structure of the classical theory. He raised many questions which theory from the classical. The most serious objection to the classical theory is that it created on the compliance and stiffness, wading creativity, personal growth and motivation. Neoclassical theory appears genuine concern for human needs. Neoclassical theory focuses on individual behavior or group, and the relationships determine productivity. The main features of the neoclassical approach are individual group work and participatory management style. Neoclassical theorists have recognized the importance of individual and collective behavior and emphasized human relationships. Based on the Hawthorne experiments, stressed the neoclassical approach, the relationship between the social or human operators, researchers and regulators (Roethlisberger and Dickson, 1943). It has been argued that these considerations were consistent determination productivity as simple changes in working conditions. Productivity gains achieved as a result of high morale, which was affected by the amount of each employee, personal attention and get intimate. Advantages and disadvantages of the modern theory of management practice Modern theories are based on the idea that the organization is a scalable system that must adapt to changes in their environment. Modern theories are systemic approach, the socio-technical approach and the concept of contingency or situation. The systems approach views the organization as a system consisting of a series of interconnected composed and interdependent subsystems. The socio-technical approach is to look up the organization as a social system, the technical system and its environment. They interact with each other and it is necessary, according to balance for the effective functioning of the institution. The contingency or situational approach recognizes that organizational systems are interrelated with their environment and different environments call for different organizational relationships for effective organization. Some major features of the modern approaches of the organization are: †¢ Theses approaches are a systemic and dynamic process of viewing and interaction. †¢ These approaches are multilevel, probabilistic, multi-motivated and multidimensional in nature.

College Is It Worth It

? College – Is it Worth it? Right now in our society university education is no longer an option or privilege, but rather a necessity. We are practically raised and conditioned to believe that one needs higher education in order to succeed in life. There is a saying that says â€Å"if you think education is expensive, try ignorance. † But as technology is constantly advancing and computers are running almost anything, is a college education really necessary? There are people who have never set foot in a college and are doing better than people who have their master's degree. There are views from both sides that contain a valid argument. The main reason why people go to college is not because they want to but because they have to. Most 11th and 12th graders are pressured by their parents to go to college because it is â€Å"the right thing to do. â€Å"† In the essay that Caroline Bird wrote â€Å"College is a Waste of Time and Money†, she states that students go to college because † . . . Mother wanted them to go, or some other reason entirely irrelevant to the course of studies for which college is supposedly organized. The student may have different ideas about what he or she wants to do in life, but because they think that their parents know what is best for them, they probably end up doing something they do not want to do, resulting in being miserable and resentful. Let's face it, going to college is socially prestigious. Most people go to college only for the title of being called a college student. For some young people, it is a graceful way to get away from home and become independent without losing the financial support of their parents. They do not want to be looked down upon so they do what would look â€Å"best in the eyes of society†. It is practically beat into our heads that in order to be a respectable citizen of society, you should have some sort of university education. Being a college student is perhaps a more respectable role than being, for example, a clerk or a garbage man because of the negative connotations such jobs receive. Going to college and getting a degree does not necessarily guarantee that an individual is going to get a job right after graduation. It is hard out there for recent graduates to find a good job since there is so much competition due to the insanely increasing numbers of our population and a wildrace for the lions share in every field. Even if they do get a job, it is usually not in what they got their degree for. Many college students would feel that college is a waste of money because they do not learn what they want to. Instead they have to take classes that have close to nothing to do with their major but are only taking these classes in order to fulfill a general educational requirement. Upon graduation, some feel that they are at a disadvantage because more time could have been spent on learning more within their field of study and less on irrelevant materials. Now for the pros of having a professional college education. The major reason of going to college is, of course, to get a good job. College prepares us with academic knowledge in order to succeed in the future. According to Ernest Boyner higher education is essential for preparation for one's future. He states that: In spatial terms, teaching and learning may begin in a classroom, but course work also spills over into the life of the campus and the community. Students engage in experimential learning and co-curricular activities that take abstract ideas and anchor them in real-life problems. As the competition to get a decent job is increasing, it is close to impossible to obtain a high paying job without at least a bachelor's degree. Many jobs that only used to want their workers to have a high school diploma now require some college education due to their extremely complicated nature. Another way college is worth the money, however, is because it is one of the few institutions that often contains people of different ethnic and racial backgrounds. Such a situation allows one to develop their social and communicative skills because they are exposed to unfamiliar cultures. This is necessary for the fact that a person does not want to come across as ignorant towards a certain culture. This only, however, comes in handy when you are being educated abroad. College is like a stepping stone to becoming a responsible adult because for the first time most people are practically on their own (that would definitely include me). It is completely different from high school in that not only that school has to be dealt with, but you have to juggle your personal time and financial state as well. They go away to college and face circumstances that they would most likely come across when they finally do go on their own. Bills have to be paid, time has to be managed efficiently, and deadlines have to be met, just like in the â€Å"real world. † College is not only about getting a good job ‘but about acquiring knowledge and broadening one's horizon. A lot of courses that are at school are not needed for a certain major but are just there for interested people who want to learn more about a certain subject. Bowen explains this by breaking it down into three aspects: †¦ the specific goals for the education function are derived. This function†¦ is intended to help students develop as persons in three respects: cognitive learning, by expanding their knowledge and intellectual powers; affective development, by enhancing their moral, religious, and emotional interests and sensibilities; and practical competence, by improving their performance in citizenship, work, family life, consumer choice, health, and other practical affairs. It is sometimes just as good to be an intelligent person and know about a lot of things instead of being someone who makes a lot of money. My admission into an arts college after a lifetime of struggle of being an a-grade science student, had led me to seriously consider the complexity of this topic and what i have learned is that college definitely has its pros and cons. But I think that college is what you make of it. It can be the best time of your life, but only if you want it to. You can take the pessimistic view about it and think that college is a waste of money, or it can be looked at as a challenging and exciting new frontier that basically will set the precedent for the rest of your life. No matter what i learn in this environment that has been setup on an organised platform to produce strong and self assured individuls that will help make this deteriorating world a better place to live in ,even if we do'nt do it conciously, what I know for sure is that the education I recieve in this college will always be of invaluable worth once i step out in the ruthless fish-eat-fish world.